How We Raise Our Daughters and Sons: Child-rearing and Gender Socialization in the Philippines

By Ma. Emma Concepcion D. Liwag

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The literature on Filipino child-rearing practices as they relate to gender socialization was surveyed in order to describe childrearing attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and practices from early childhood to late adolescence which demonstrate explicit and implicit differential socialization for sons and daughters. Findings from more than a hundred empirical and conceptual papers on Filipino child-rearing indicated…

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